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How to Review a Balance Sheet in Financial Due Diligence

Written by Patrick OConnell | Apr 17, 2026
           

Why balance sheet review matters in due diligence

So let's unpack how do we review the balance sheet what does that look like

The balance sheet evaluation provides this comprehensive picture of the financial health and stability of the company

When you're doing any level of due diligence I always say cash is king

How cash moves through the business may also look different than what is being shown on the financial statements

If you're doing an asset purchase you're buying what is on this balance sheet

So what that looks like is really the crux of why this analysis is so important

Cash management and how money moves through the business

It starts with examining the cash management

You are going to evaluate:

  • the bank accounts
  • how the company moves cash through the business

You want to understand the cash practices of the company

Are they using multiple accounts
Are they using a few accounts

Accounts receivable and aging schedules explained

Accounts receivable is likely one of your most significant current assets on the balance sheet

The ways you can assess the accounts receivable is by pulling an aging schedule

Typically aging schedules will show:

  • 90 days
  • 60 days
  • 30 days

Most invoices are due within net 30 days

Government municipalities may operate as 60 days

If you're not comfortable with the lingo around accounts receivable such as aging schedules net 90 60 or 30

Do some independent research

 

Contributors
Patrick O'Connell

Transaction Advisory Services

Managing Director

O'Connell Advisory Group LLC

 

Accounts payable payroll liabilities and vendor terms

The accounts payable shows what is currently outstanding

  • vendor payables
  • payroll liabilities

When accounts payable is significantly lower but accounts receivable is going up

That signals vendors are requiring faster payments than what is coming in the door

Cash is coming out the door faster than coming in

That can cause what is known as a cash crunch

Inventory considerations in asset heavy businesses

Inventory might be very applicable or it might not be applicable at all to your deal

In manufacturing deals inventory is a significant component

  • raw materials

Inventory is going to be probably your most important evaluation of this balance sheet

Balance sheet review within financial due diligence

The balance sheet review is a component of financial due diligence

Once you obtain a letter of intent you are going to enter the financial due diligence period

Within that there are several analysis you should be doing to assess the financial health of the business

One piece of that is the balance sheet review

90 day due diligence timeline

A 90 day due diligence period

What is the first 30 days look like

In the first 30 days:

  • kicking off financial due diligence
  • balance sheet review
  • bank process

Running monthly balance sheets in QuickBooks

Generate a monthly balance sheet report

Go into QuickBooks
Run the period of analysis
Typically a three year period

When you look at this balance sheet

What do you see
What things stick out
What questions would you ask management

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Case study accounts receivable red flags

Accounts receivable goes from:

  • 685000
  • 553000
  • 328000
  • about a million

Something has changed in the last 12 months

This is a concern for a business acquisition

You want to make sure that those balance sheet items that are sitting in accounts receivable are collectible

Questions to ask:

  • have there been changes to payment terms
  • have you acquired new customers which may mandate less favorable terms

If accounts receivable is increasing

I would expect revenues to significantly spike

Cash declining while accounts receivable increases

While accounts receivable increases

Cash declines

Is the business requiring more cash to operate

You need to understand:

  • the cash activity
  • the cash needs of the business when you're inheriting the business on day one

Accounts payable changes and cash crunch risk

Accounts payable:

  • 1.4 million
  • about 65000

Vendors are requiring faster payments than what is coming in the door

Cash is coming out the door faster than coming in

That can cause a cash crunch

Intercompany balances and consolidation risks

Intercompany activity between shops

On a consolidated basis should be very close to zero

You want to:

  • understand the components
  • make sure nothing is slipping through the cracks

Loans from shareholder and closing considerations

Loans from shareholder

Owner related

Best practice:

  • paid off
  • settled prior to closing

Final Thoughts

The balance sheet has a lot of great fundamentals

By isolating and analyzing it at the entity level

It gives you a clearer understanding of:

  • the health of the balance sheet
  • the business that supports it

Contributors
Patrick O'Connell

Transaction Advisory Services

Managing Director

O'Connell Advisory Group LLC